{"id":26800,"date":"2025-10-27T12:56:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T11:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\/?post_type=noticias&#038;p=26800"},"modified":"2026-10-07T12:27:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:27:23","slug":"carlos-hidalgo-viable-fusion-energy-technology-integration","status":"publish","type":"noticias","link":"https:\/\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\/en\/news\/carlos-hidalgo-viable-fusion-energy-technology-integration\/","title":{"rendered":"How Carlos Hidalgo Is Paving the Way for Viable Fusion Energy Through Physics-Technology Integration"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\/en\/ftf-informes\/fusion-forward\/#report-section-00\"><strong>Fusion energy<\/strong><\/a><strong> is the great energy promise of the 21st century: clean, safe, and virtually inexhaustible. But turning that promise into reality means overcoming immense technical and physical challenges.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the latest <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\/en\/our-initiatives\/ftf-2\/\"><strong>Future Trends Forum<\/strong><\/a> held in Madrid\u2014with more than 20 international fusion energy experts, including scientists, entrepreneurs, regulators, investors, and engineers\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\/en\/experts\/carlos-hidalgo\/\"><strong>Carlos Hidalgo<\/strong><\/a>, Director of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fusion.ciemat.es\/home\">National Fusion Laboratory at CIEMAT<\/a> (Spain), delivered a keynote that was both precise and deeply inspiring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">His conclusion was crystal clear: the true challenge in fusion lies in the integration of physics and technology. From producing enough tritium to ensuring reactor safety and enabling remote maintenance, Hidalgo argues that only a modular validation strategy\u2014combined with ambition and credibility\u2014will allow us to move from prototypes to commercial fusion plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can watch Carlos Hidalgo\u2019s talk in this video:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Carlos Hidalgo: &quot;Blankets and Power Extraction (Divertor)&quot; #FusionForward\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nL-7kTa5lL0?list=PLc4Hn5L33E75v6udmLSwSenbdRDGIIWLm\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Carlos Hidalgo: &#8220;Blankets and Power Extraction (Divertor)&#8221; #FusionForward<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Fusion Recipe: Integrating Physics and Technology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Carlos Hidalgo opens his talk with a simple yet powerful idea: the keyword is <em>integration<\/em>. A fusion reactor can&#8217;t be viewed solely as a scientific achievement or an engineering challenge\u2014it must be understood as the convergence of both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hidalgo outlines his vision as a &#8220;recipe,&#8221; with ingredients that must work together:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>On the technology side: tritium, materials, maintenance, and safety.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On the physics side: plasma confinement, fuel management, impurities, and helium production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The key, he emphasizes, is not solving each of these challenges in isolation, but making them function together as a real, integrated system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One example makes his point clear: even if excellent plasma performance is achieved, it\u2019s irrelevant for a commercial plant if the materials can\u2019t withstand the heat or radiation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hidalgo stresses that this balance must guide the entire fusion development process\u2014from early prototypes to commercial power plants that can deliver affordable electricity to society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Four Technological Pillars of Fusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Carlos Hidalgo, the viability of fusion energy doesn&#8217;t hinge on a single breakthrough, but rather on solving four major technological challenges simultaneously. These are the four pillars that must support any functioning fusion reactor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Tritium Self-Sufficiency<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tritium is one of the two fuels required for fusion (along with deuterium). However, it doesn\u2019t naturally occur in sufficient quantities to power a future global energy system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The only viable solution is for the reactor to produce its own tritium. This is achieved using a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iter.org\/machine\/blanket\"><em>breeding blanket<\/em><\/a><em>&#8211;<\/em>a system that surrounds the reactor and must generate more tritium than the reactor consumes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Hidalgo\u2019s words: <em>\u201cWe must be able to produce enough tritium. This is one of the essential conditions for any reactor design.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Materials that Withstand Extreme Conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The interior of a fusion reactor is an environment like no other:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Constant bombardment by high-energy neutrons<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Heat fluxes on the reactor\u2019s first wall far beyond what current materials can endure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Intense radiation and erosion over extended periods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most critical challenges is developing new materials that can withstand these extreme conditions over years of operation. Projects like <a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/anton\/Dropbox\/Business\/Bankinter\/Fundaci\u00f3n%20de%20la%20Innovaci\u00f3n\/Posts\/Fusion\/ifmif-dones.es\/\"><strong>IFMIF-DONES<\/strong><\/a>, based in Spain, are advancing the validation of materials under reactor-like conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Remote Maintenance and Competitive Cost<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another key requirement highlighted by Hidalgo is the ability to maintain the reactor without halting its continuous operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In such a harsh environment, maintenance must be remote and automated, using robotic systems that ensure speed and reliability. Without this capability, a reactor would need to shut down every time a component wears out\u2014an economically unsustainable scenario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moreover, this entire system must be cost-competitive. Fusion isn\u2019t just competing with fossil fuels\u2014it must also measure up to other renewables and nuclear technologies already connected to the grid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Safety and Social Credibility<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ultimately, a fusion reactor will only be accepted if it can guarantee total safety. While fusion avoids the long-lived waste and meltdown risks associated with fission, public perception will be key.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As Hidalgo points out, safety equals credibility: <em>\u201cFor society to accept fusion, we must prove it is safe, clean, and reliable.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Four Physics Ingredients<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond the technological challenges, fusion must also meet strict physical requirements that cannot be overlooked. As Carlos Hidalgo puts it, a reactor needs plasma physics and materials technology to work hand in hand. A major breakthrough in the lab is meaningless if it can\u2019t withstand the conditions of a real-world reactor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are the four essential physics \u201cingredients\u201d in the fusion recipe:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Plasma Confinement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fusion occurs in a state of matter called plasma, where hydrogen nuclei move freely at temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees. To sustain the reaction, the plasma must be confined for a sufficient amount of time and at the right density.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The challenge, as Hidalgo explains, is that this confinement must be compatible with the reactor\u2019s materials. A highly energetic plasma might be a physical success\u2014but if it exposes the reactor\u2019s first wall to heat levels ten times higher than any material can handle, it\u2019s useless for a commercial system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Fuel Control<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fusion fuel (deuterium and tritium) must be precisely distributed within the plasma. Ideally, a \u201cpeaked\u201d density profile is targeted at the center of the plasma, which maximizes reaction efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Achieving this is no small feat\u2014it requires advanced fuel injection and control technologies that still need to be validated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Impurity Management<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During reactor operation, impurities inevitably form and contaminate the plasma, reducing its performance. Some come from the erosion of wall materials; others are generated directly by the reaction itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If not properly managed, these impurities cool the plasma and make it impossible to sustain the fusion process. That\u2019s why impurity control is a critical component of any reactor\u2019s physical design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Helium as Fusion \u201cAsh\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most efficient fusion reaction\u2014deuterium-tritium (D-T)\u2014produces helium as a byproduct. While helium is a noble gas and harmless to the environment, inside the reactor it behaves like \u201cash\u201d that poisons the plasma: it takes up space and lowers reaction efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is crucial to have systems in place to continuously extract helium from the plasma and keep its concentration low.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Modular Strategy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fusion development faces a fundamental dilemma: should we build a full-scale reactor right away\u2014despite all the risks\u2014or take a step-by-step approach, validating each part of the system first?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Carlos Hidalgo is unequivocal: the most realistic path is modular validation. This means testing the reactor\u2019s critical components independently, at intermediate scale, before integrating them into a complete plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;A reactor is uncharted territory. That\u2019s why we need a modular validation strategy\u2014to ensure each piece works before multiplying it by thousands.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A clear example is the <strong>breeding blanket<\/strong>, essential for producing the tritium that fuels the reaction. In a real reactor, this system must cover the entire chamber\u2014but it\u2019s built from repeating modules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hidalgo explains that if a single module is validated under real conditions, its behavior can be extrapolated to the entire reactor. In other words: testing a small piece can unlock the leap to industrial scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In practice, this strategy is embodied by facilities like <strong>IFMIF-DONES<\/strong>, now under construction in Granada, Spain. This center will expose materials and components to neutron fluxes similar to those in a fusion reactor. There, components between 100 and 1,000 cm\u00b2 in size can be tested\u2014sufficient to confirm their performance before committing to full-scale deployment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To illustrate the concept, Hidalgo points to Japan\u2019s <strong>Rokkasho<\/strong> project, where a full-scale mock-up of a breeding blanket has been built. Since each module is around 100 cm\u00b2, testing it in isolation provides solid confidence in how it will behave when replicated thousands of times in a reactor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This modular approach reduces risk and accelerates development:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Multiple technologies can be tested in parallel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limitations are identified before investing in full-scale plants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It builds industry and public confidence in fusion\u2019s viability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In short, modular validation is how we balance ambition with credibility: moving fast, backed by solid, tested evidence at every step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Prototypes vs. Commercial Systems<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In his talk, Carlos Hidalgo draws a compelling analogy: the transition to fusion will mirror the automotive revolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First come the prototypes\u2014basic versions that prove the concept works. Then, commercial systems emerge: efficient, safe, and competitive solutions capable of transforming society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;When the first car arrived, it was a prototype\u2014four wheels and a rudimentary engine. It worked, but it wasn\u2019t what we now call mobility. Then came the commercial automobile\u2014like a Mercedes\u2014with everything that entails. Fusion will follow the same path.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the case of fusion, prototypes already exist. Projects like <strong>ITER<\/strong>\u2014the large international tokamak under construction in France\u2014or inertial confinement facilities like the <strong>National Ignition Facility (NIF)<\/strong> in the U.S. These prototypes are critical because they demonstrate that fusion physics works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But commercial systems will need to be different. Hidalgo is clear about which design he believes will shape the future:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;When it comes to prototypes, the most advanced today is the tokamak. But for commercial systems, my bet is clear: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/bulletin\/magnetic-fusion-confinement-with-tokamaks-and-stellarators\"><em>stellarators<\/em><\/a><em>.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Stellarators<\/strong> are a type of magnetic confinement device that, unlike tokamaks, offer a key advantage: they can operate continuously without the need for pulsed electric currents to maintain the plasma. This makes them ideal candidates for plants that must generate electricity 24\/7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The path from prototypes to commercial systems won\u2019t be linear. A transitional phase will see multiple designs coexist, each validating key technologies. The essential point, as Hidalgo reminds us, is to never lose sight of the end goal: a commercial fusion system that is competitive and adds real value to the global energy landscape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Fusion for Society<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond science and engineering, Carlos Hidalgo highlights a dimension that often goes unnoticed: the <em>social<\/em> dimension of fusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;Society trusts scientists. It may accept that we make mistakes, but it expects us to provide a realistic vision of this fascinating revolution: fusion for society.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means that developing fusion is not just a technical challenge\u2014it\u2019s also a matter of trust. Credibility is as important as ambition, because without public acceptance, there will be no large-scale deployment of this technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hidalgo reminds us that fusion offers a set of unique features that make it especially attractive for the future:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It does <strong>not<\/strong> generate long-lived radioactive waste, unlike nuclear fission<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It poses <strong>no risk of runaway accidents<\/strong>, as the reaction stops automatically when extreme plasma conditions are lost<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It uses a <strong>virtually inexhaustible fuel<\/strong>\u2014hydrogen, one of the most abundant elements in the universe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can <strong>complement renewables<\/strong> by providing stable, continuous electricity when there\u2019s no sun or wind<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, turning these advantages into public trust requires transparent and realistic communication strategies. It\u2019s not about selling vague promises decades out, but about clearly explaining where we are today, what challenges remain, and how we\u2019re addressing them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this sense, <strong>modular validation<\/strong> is not only a smart scientific approach\u2014it\u2019s also a trust-building tool: every demonstrated step reinforces the credibility of the fusion project in the eyes of society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For Hidalgo, the conclusion is clear: <em>fusion is not an end in itself\u2014it is a means to serve society<\/em>. A technology with the potential to transform the global energy system and contribute to a sustainable, secure, and competitive future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This article is part of the broader analysis developed within the Future Trends Forum. The full report, \u201c<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\/en\/ftf-informes\/fusion-forward\/#report-section-00\"><em>Fusion Energy: A Revolution in Progress<\/em><\/a><em>\u201d brings together insights from over twenty international experts and outlines five critical pillars for scaling fusion energy as a climate, economic, and technological driver.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Download it <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Informe-FTF-Energia-de-Fusion-1.pdf\"><strong>here<\/strong><\/a><strong> and explore how we can start building tomorrow\u2019s energy system\u2014today.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How Carlos Hidalgo Is Paving the Way for Viable Fusion Energy Through Physics-Technology Integration<\/p>\n<p>Entradilla: At the Future Trends Forum: Fusion Forward, Carlos Hidalgo (CIEMAT) broke down the major engineering and physics challenges that must be solved for fusion to become commercially viable. His message is clear: the key lies in integration\u2014and in validating technologies through a modular, credible approach<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":26981,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_oaas_summary":"Fusion energy promises clean, safe, and virtually limitless power, but realizing it requires integrating physics and engineering rather than solving problems in isolation. At the Future Trends Forum in Madrid, Carlos Hidalgo (CIEMAT) argued that success depends on four technological pillars\u2014tritium self-sufficiency via breeding blankets, materials that withstand extreme neutron and heat loads, remote automated maintenance at competitive cost, and demonstrable safety\u2014and four physics ingredients\u2014robust plasma confinement, precise fuel control, impurity management, and continuous helium removal. He stressed that high plasma performance is meaningless without compatible materials and systems, so development must follow a modular validation strategy: test critical components at intermediate scale (e.g., breeding blanket modules at IFMIF-DONES) before full reactor integration to reduce risk, parallelize progress, and build credibility.\n\nHidalgo envisions a staged path from prototypes like ITER and NIF to commercial plants, predicting stellarators as strong candidates for continuous 24\/7 operation. Equally important is public trust: fusion\u2019s low long-lived waste, inherent safety, abundant fuel, and ability to complement renewables must be communicated with transparency and realistic milestones. Modular validation not only accelerates technical readiness but also strengthens societal confidence, aligning ambition with credibility so fusion can ultimately deliver affordable, sustainable energy for society.","_oaas_audio_url":"https:\/\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/summary-26800-1791368848.mp3"},"categories":[204],"class_list":["post-26800","noticias","type-noticias","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-technology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Viable Fusion Energy Through Physics-Technology Integration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Carlos Hidalgo (CIEMAT) explains how integrating physics and technology through modular validation can make commercial fusion energy viable.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\/en\/news\/carlos-hidalgo-viable-fusion-energy-technology-integration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Viable Fusion Energy Through Physics-Technology Integration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Carlos Hidalgo (CIEMAT) explains how integrating physics and technology through modular validation can make commercial fusion energy viable.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\/en\/news\/carlos-hidalgo-viable-fusion-energy-technology-integration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fundaci\u00f3n Innovaci\u00f3n Bankinter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FundacionBankinter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-07T10:27:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/AdobeStock_1498795105-scaled.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1396\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@FundacionBKT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/carlos-hidalgo-viable-fusion-energy-technology-integration\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/carlos-hidalgo-viable-fusion-energy-technology-integration\\\/\",\"name\":\"Viable Fusion Energy Through Physics-Technology Integration\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/carlos-hidalgo-viable-fusion-energy-technology-integration\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/carlos-hidalgo-viable-fusion-energy-technology-integration\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/AdobeStock_1498795105-scaled.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-27T11:56:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-07T10:27:23+00:00\",\"description\":\"Carlos Hidalgo (CIEMAT) explains how integrating physics and technology through modular validation can make commercial fusion energy viable.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/carlos-hidalgo-viable-fusion-energy-technology-integration\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/carlos-hidalgo-viable-fusion-energy-technology-integration\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\\\/en\\\/news\\\/carlos-hidalgo-viable-fusion-energy-technology-integration\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/AdobeStock_1498795105-scaled.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fundacionbankinter.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/AdobeStock_1498795105-scaled.jpeg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1396,\"caption\":\"A mesmerizing abstract image showcasing an intense burst of electric blue energy. 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