Semiconductors: Critical Capabilities for European Competitiveness

Semiconductors: Critical Capabilities for European Competitiveness

Semiconductors: Critical Capabilities for European Competitiveness

This report expresses the vision and proposal of the Bankinter Innovation Foundation, based on the opinion and contrast with the experts of the Future Trends Forum, on how to strengthen the European position in the semiconductor industry.

Its content has been developed based on strategic analysis, review of specialised documentation and contrast with key players in the ecosystem (industry, technology and research centres, universities, investors and sector experts) within the framework of the Future Trends Forum.

The semiconductor industry demands a European response. Its scale, capital intensity, technological complexity and insertion in global value chains make a strictly national approach insufficient. In a sector where competitiveness depends on volume, coordination and continuity, relevant decisions must be approached from a pan-European perspective.

The conclusions and recommendations that follow identify specific levers for execution, specialisation, industrialisation and talent development.

In doing so, the report aims to contribute to the European debate on competitiveness, technological autonomy and industrial execution capacity in semiconductors.

Executive Summary

The strategic moment

Semiconductors and advanced computing are already a building block of the digital economy, energy transition and security. Its strategic weight has grown due to three factors: the concentration of advanced manufacturing in Asia, the technological rivalry between great powers and large digital companies, and the boom in demand driven by artificial intelligence.

Europe starts with solid assets in manufacturing equipment, power electronics, integrated photonics, research and tractor industrial sectors. The decisive question is how to turn those assets into a stronger industrial position in key segments of the sector.

The challenge, therefore, is clear: to concentrate European assets in a few sustained industrial bets, with clear priorities, continuity over time and real capacity for execution.

The strategic moment

Diagnostics in six key messages

The analysis leaves six basic ideas:

    1. The semiconductor industry works with horizons of 10 to 20 years. That is why it needs institutional stability and financing aligned with that pace.
    2. Europe is one of the largest markets for semiconductors, especially in automotive, industry, energy, health and defence. Such consumption rarely translates into stable industrial commitments.
    3. Europe’s scientific and technological base is strong, although it remains fragmented. Its strengths do not always reach the necessary density to compete as a great industrial pole.
    4. In recent years, coordination between actors has improved, although the new phase of global competition requires better choice and reduced dispersion of resources.
    5. The step from frontier research to industrial validation and production remains difficult. In particular, there is a lack of infrastructure to test and mature technologies before their industrialization, as well as patient funding to accompany this development.
    6. Europe generates high-quality talent. Now it needs to better connect universities, technology and research centers and industry to turn it into productive muscle.

Overall, the European challenge is to sustain an industrial agenda capable of aligning market, technology, capital and talent signals within a stable implementation framework.

The European strategic dilemma

The global semiconductor industry today revolves around three priorities: advancing technology, gaining resilience and betting on the areas where each region can provide more value.

Europe needs a selective strategy: to maintain a presence in some cutting-edge segments and gain weight where it already has differential advantages. This forces us to decide where to compete, where to ensure resilience and where a well-chosen specialization can become an industrial advantage.

You can’t maximize everything at once. Cost, performance, technological autonomy and speed of deployment force you to choose. For this reason, a credible commitment requires clear priorities, selective allocation of resources and continuity of criteria.

The European strategic dilemma

Execution architecture and five priorities for action

The report proposes five priorities for action, supported by an implementation architecture capable of sustaining, coordinating and translating them into results. These priorities seek to bolster existing capabilities and take advantage of the technological discontinuities of the next decade, which may open new windows of entry into the global value chain.

Implementation architecture – ensure political direction and real implementation capacity: clear mandate, multi-year continuity, stable priorities, better articulation and compatibility between instruments, less fragmentation and demanding monitoring oriented to verifiable industrial results.

Priority 1 – turning demand into industrial commitment: Europe is a large market for semiconductors, but that weight as a buyer does not always translate into industrial traction. The priority is to transform demand into more stable commitments through sectoral aggregation, multi-year contracts and strategic use of public procurement.

Priority 2 – compete where Europe can lead: Europe needs to concentrate resources in a few areas where it already has relevant expertise – such as power electronics, integrated photonics, advanced packaging, new materials for future technologies or open architectures – and in areas where technological discontinuities are reshaping the value chain. Transitions such as chiplets or AI-driven hardware-software co-design are opening up new opportunities to enter previously more closed segments. This requires prioritizing domains, concentrating investment and aligning public-private action.

Priority 3 – build industrial clusters with critical mass: without sufficient industrial density there is no competitiveness. It is necessary to consolidate reference clusters with infrastructure, engineering, financing and driving companies. To achieve this, it is necessary to concentrate resources on a limited number of strategic clusters, give them operational stability and correct bottlenecks such as co-financing and fragmentation of programmes.

Priority 4 – crossing the valley of death: one of the main European challenges is in the step from research to industrial validation and early industrialisation. To overcome this, industrialization tools are needed—such as advanced prototyping platforms, design-to-manufacturing capabilities, and lab-to-fab validation environments—along with growth-oriented pre-industrial validation and co-investment mechanisms, especially for deep-tech scaleups in hardware.

Priority 5 – Treat talent as critical infrastructure: The competitiveness of the sector depends on having technical and scientific profiles well connected to the industry. Europe must strengthen the relationship between universities, technology and research centres and companies, reform academic incentives and sustain ecosystems capable of attracting, training and retaining talent. This requires aligning better training, research careers and industrial needs.

Thus, the implementation architecture, together with the five priorities, shapes an industrial agenda for Europe aimed at consolidating capacities and seizing new opportunities in a context of accelerated technological change.

Execution architecture and five priorities for action

Conclusion

Europe has enough assets to gain weight in the global semiconductor industry. The critical issue is to better concentrate them, sustain clear priorities and translate them into verifiable industrial results.

In semiconductors, a strong position is built with strategic vision, institutional stability, and execution discipline.

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